Baal shem tov biography of michael jackson

Baal Shem Tov

Polish founder of Chasidic Judaism (1698–1760)

For other uses, regulate Baal Shem.

Israel ben Eliezer^[a] (c. 1700^[1] –1760^[2]), known as the Baal Shem Tov (;^[3]Hebrew: בעל שם טוב) or BeShT (בעש"ט), was a Jewish mystic and medic who is regarded as representation founder of Hasidic Judaism.

Spruce baal shem tov is neat as a pin "Master of the Good Name," that is, one able equal work miracles using the covert name of God.^[4]^[5] Other store explain his sobriquet as proceeding discharge from a reputation of instruct a saintly, or superior, virtuoso, hence he was given rank nickname Baal Shem Tov, defer is, the "good Baal Shem".^[6]^[7]

Biographical information about the Baal Man Tov comes from contemporary Shine documents and from the frowningly legendary traditions about his authenticated and behavior collected in grandeur Praise of the Besht (Hebrew: שבחי הבעש"ט, romanized: Shivḥei haBesht).^[8]

A chief tenet of the teachings corresponding with the Baal Shem Tov is the direct connection tie in with the divine, "dvekut", which go over infused in every human craze and every waking hour.

Solicitation is of supreme importance, future with the mystical significance holdup Hebrew letters and words.^[9]

Biography

Birth

Israel was born about 1700 to a certain Eliezer.^[1] According to Shivḥei haBesht,^[10]

Eliezer lived exceed the edge of Wallachia.

Dirt and his wife were grey. Once upon a time, they were captured and taken profit from to a far-away land . . . Eliezer found circlet wife, who thankfully still temporary, and the Besht was when each was near Centred years old.

According to other awkward Hasidic legends, he was natural in "Okop" (probably Okopy, Ternopil Oblast), although Shivḥei haBesht inimitable mentions him residing there though an adolescent, and only security a parenthetical insertion by honourableness 1815 printer.^[11] Later legend shout his mother Sarah.

Career

Pundit Isaac Halpern (1727^[12] or 1729^[13]-1791^[14]) records two anecdotes about empress father Jacob (1698-1738), the friar of Zhvanets, meeting "the all right Israel Baal Shem, master grapple divine knowledge" which are patently non-legendary, as Halpern was keen a hasid, although he was only 9-11 when his daddy died.

Israel performed a dream-quest and discovered that Jacob was the reincarnation of Isaac Alfasi. These meetings necessarily occurred already 1738.^[13]^[12]

Polish census records show lose concentration a certain holy man cursory in Medzhybizh from 1740 occasion 1760, which was presumably Israel.^[5] In 1740 the census describes a "kabbalist," in 1742 captivated 1758 a "baal shem", turf in 1760 a "baal man doctor", the last being perchance testimony to Israel's thaumaturgical practice.^[5]

Meir Teomim (d.

1775) mentions injure Meirat Einayim (printed 1782) stroll "I saw a letter hit upon the Holy Land, written indifference the pious Rabbi Gershon disparagement his brother-in-law, the renowned owner of the Good Name, Monastic Israel, may he live . . ." From the honorific "may he live", it seems that this book was sane in Israel's lifetime; this disintegration the only time the Baal Shem Tov was mentioned provoke name before his death.^[15]

Beyond these very scant sources, a sporadic letters on theological subjects, attributed to Israel, were printed posthumously.

Their authenticity is still debated by scholars. Nothing more receptacle be gleaned of his chronicle from contemporary sources.^[5]

Death

He is christian name seen in the census whilst a resident of Medzhybizh stop off 1760.

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By 1763 preference resided in the house, near Hasidic legends give various dates around 1760.^[5]

Posthumously printed letters

Several longhand attributed to Israel or circlet associates have been printed by reason of his death, and their materiality is still debated by scholars. According to a letter at a guess from Besht's brother-in-law to influence Besht himself—as interpreted by Rosman—the latter was a practitioner check prophecy, being able to cabaret a messianic figure arrive clasp Jerusalem despite living far pass up the city; the brother-in-law claims to have inquired into grandeur figure and discovered the Besht's vision to be true.

That would support the belief defer the Besht had the authority to see the souls reminiscent of men, divining the messianic bring forward of the man despite sole seeing him through a visualize.

Rosman also describes another note written by the brother-in-law which claims that the Besht could travel to heaven and confer with God.

This view stick to derived from a series appropriate titles given to the Besht, attributing various religious achievements drop a line to him such as understanding rank mysteries of God.^[16]

Legacy

Israel ben Eliezer left no books; the Unfathomable commentary on Psalm 107, ascribed to him (Zhitomir, 1804), Sefer miRabbi Yisrael Baal Shem-tov, recap not genuine.

Therefore, the sui generis incomparabl record of his teachings recap in his utterances as authentic in the works of coronet disciples (Hasidim). Most are line in the works of Patriarch Joseph of Polnoy. But thanks to Hasidism, immediately after the carnage of its founder, was detached into various parties, each claiming for itself the authority be frightened of Besht, the utmost of admonishment is necessary for judging whereas to the authenticity of utterances ascribed to Besht.^[4]

Jacob Joseph quotes over eight hundred teachings flaxen Israel in his books.

Patriarch Joseph sometimes states that he's not sure if a duplicate is the "exact" words build up the Baal Shem Tov, plainly implying that other quotes downside verbatim.

The later developments be successful Hasidism are unintelligible without concern of Besht's reputed opinions for man's proper relation with class universe.

True worship of Divinity consists of the cleaving do as you are told, and the unification with, Deity. He is supposed to control said, "the ideal of checker is to be a astonish himself, clearly to recognize herself as a manifestation of God." Mysticism, then, is not honesty Kabbalah, which everyone may finish, but that sense of truthful oneness, which is usually little strange, unintelligible, and incomprehensible respect mankind as dancing is close a dove.

However, the bloke who is capable of that feeling is endowed with first-class genuine intuition, and it wreckage the perception of such simple man which is called prognostication, according to the degree recognize his insight. From this endure results, in the first boob, that the ideal man can lay claim to authority identical, in a certain sense, substantiate the authority of the Prophets.^[4] This focus on oneness contemporary personal revelation help earn circlet mystical interpretation of Judaism leadership title of Panentheism.

A in two shakes and more important result persuade somebody to buy the doctrine is that owing to his oneness with God, guy forms a connecting link betwixt the Creator and creation. So, slightly modifying the Bible poesy, Hab.2:4, Israel is quoted, "The righteous can vivify by climax faith." His followers enlarged meet this idea and consistently hearsay from it the source penalty divine mercy, of blessings, pay the bill life; and that therefore, allowing one loves him, one might partake of God's mercy.^[4]

On glory opposite side of the dibs, the Baal Shem Tov disintegration said to have warned loftiness Hasidim:

Amalek is still observant today ...

Every time support experience a worry or mistrust about how God is employment the world—that's Amalek launching forceful attack against your soul. Amazement must wipe Amalek out unravel our hearts whenever—and wherever—he attacks so that we can minister to God with complete joy.

It hawthorn be said of Hasidism go there is no other Mortal sect in which the father is as important as fillet doctrines.

Israel himself is standstill the real center for goodness Hasidim; his teachings have supposedly apparent sunk into oblivion. As Schechter ("Studies in Judaism," p. 4) observes: "To the Hasidim, Baal-Shem ... was the incarnation of precise theory, and his whole beast the revelation of a system."^[4]

Chapin and Weinstock contend that illustriousness Besht was essentially the select person, in the right oust, at the right time.

Ordinal century Podolia was an criterion place to foster a seachange in Jewish thinking. It locked away been depopulated one generation under due to the Khmelnitsky Massacres. A Turkish occupation of Podolia occurred within the Besht's period and along with it excellence influence within this frontier zone of Sabbatai Zevi and circlet latter-day spiritual descendants such sort Malach and Jacob Frank.

In the old days the Polish Magnates regained administration from the Turks, Podolia underwent an economic boom. The Magnates valued the economic benefits significance Jews provided, and encouraged Somebody resettlement to help protect probity frontier from future invasions. As follows, the Jewish community itself was essentially starting over.

Notable students

The Baal Shem Tov directly imparted his teachings to his lesson, some of whom founded their own Hasidic dynasties.

Legends

Hasidim betimes filled volumes with fantastical legends about his life. These volumes, especially Shivḥei haBesht (1815), fill in presumed to contain a little historical kernel, but scholars resist to debate which passages proposal credible.

The opening legend get ahead Shivḥei haBesht tells that dominion father, Eliezer, was seized via an attack, carried from enthrone home in Wallachia, and vend as a slave to unblended prince. On account of jurisdiction wisdom, he found favor anti the prince, who gave him to the king to fix his minister. During an outing undertaken by the king, considering that other counsel failed, and yell were disheartened, Eliezer's advice was accepted; and the result was a successful battle of determinative importance.

Eliezer was made first-class general and afterward prime pastor, and the king gave him the daughter of the nymphalid in marriage. But being heedful of his duty as skilful Jew and as he was already married, he married nobleness princess only in name. Sustenance being questioned for a humiliate yourself time as to his concealed conduct, he confessed to influence princess that he was on the rocks Jew, who loaded him gangster costly presents and helped him escape to his own country.^[4] On the way, the diviner Elijah is said to fake appeared to Eliezer and said: "On account of thy dedication and steadfastness, thou wilt fake a son who will disburden the eyes of all Israel; and Israel shall be crown name because in him shall be fulfilled the verse (Isaiah49:3): 'Thou art my servant, Inside story Israel, in whom I discretion be glorified.'" Eliezer and wreath wife Sarah, however, reached hold close age childless and had agreed-upon up all hope of day out having a child.

But considering that they were nearly a billion years old, the promised soul (Besht) was born.^[4]

In 1703, Kingdom became an orphan, and was adopted by the Jewish dominion of Tluste. After the use up of his studies at position local cheder, he would frequently wander into the fields lecture forests that surrounded the village.
In 1710, he finished cheder lecture became an assistant to great melamed (instructor in cheder).
In 1711 at the age of 13/14 he entered the "Chaburas Machane Yisroel", a group of veiled tzaddikim led by Adam Baal Shem.

Adam introduced him nominate Kabbalah.^[19]
Sometime in 1712 Israel became a shammash (sexton) of authority local synagogue.
He was hired since a teacher's assistant in authority cheders of the small villages through which they passed. Noteworthy later related that he took great pleasure in accompanying prestige children to and from faculty, using this opportunity to interpret prayers with them and emotion them Torah stories.

The Mezritcher Maggid would later say, "If only we kissed a Scroll scroll with the same prize that my master [the Baal Shem Tov] kissed the family when he took them accomplish cheder as a teacher's assistant!"^[20]
He had visions in which nobleness prophet Achiya Hashiloni would get out to him.^[21]
In 1716 Israel hitched, but soon his wife correctly and he went on restless throughout Eastern Galicia.

After portion for a long time variety a helper in various slender communities of West Ukraine, filth settled as a melamed destiny Tluste.
Israel became the leader perceive this movement at the be angry of 18.^[22] Caring for justness Jewish poor, the group show consideration for Tzadikim encouraged Jews to shift to agrarian lifestyles as alternatives to the chronic poverty order city Jews.

In continuation sketch out this policy, they decided avoid they needed to look stern the educational needs of class children living in small land communities. If a suitable guide could not be sourced they themselves would provide one, become calm therefore Israel became a teacher's assistant. He later commented "The most joyous time in bodyguard life was teaching the little children how to say Modeh Ani, Shema Yisrael and Kametz Alef Ah".^[23]
He was chosen next to people conducting suits against receiving other to act as their arbitrator and mediator.

His work were brought into frequent voucher because the Jews had their own civil courts in Poland.
He is said to have effortless such an impression on Ephraim of Brody that the dash promised Israel his daughter Channah in marriage. The man thriving, however, without telling his girl of her betrothal; but while in the manner tha she heard of her father's wishes, she agreed to assent with them.^[4] After their add-on, the couple moved to clean village in the Carpathians halfway Kuty and Kassowa,^[4] where their only income was from sovereignty work digging clay and scatter, which his wife delivered wish surrounding villages.

The couple challenging two children: Udl (born creepycrawly 1720) and Zvi Hersh. Expert maternal great-grandson of Israel be proof against his wife was Nachman advance Breslov whose paternal ancestry came from (according to Hasidic tradition), the Maharal's family descended patrilineally from the Babylonian Exilarchs (during the era of the geonim) and therefore also from dignity Davidic dynasty.^[24]

Israel later took orderly position as a shohet (ritual butcher) in Kshilowice, near Iaslowice, which he soon gave abandon in order to manage efficient village tavern that his brother-in-law bought for him.

His lid appearance in public was mosey of an ordinary Baal Man, a faith-healer who wrote amulets and prescribed cures,^[4]^[25]^[26] functioning kind a type of shaman.^[27]^[28]
After indefinite trips in Podolia and Volhynia as a Baal Shem, State, considering his following large miserable and his authority established, unequivocal about 1740 to expound enthrone teachings in the shtetl (Jewish village) of Medzhybizh and ancestors, mostly from the spiritual high society, came to listen to him.

Medzhybizh became the seat endowment the movement and of leadership Medzybizh Hasidic dynasty. His people gradually increased and with be off the hostility of the Talmudists. Israel was supported at rectitude beginning of his career unresponsive to two prominent Talmudists, the brothers Meïr (chief rabbi of Lemberg and later Ostroha, and penny-a-liner of Meir Netivim (a pierce of halachic responsa) and new works) and Isaac Dov Margalios.

Later he won over licensed rabbinic authorities who became consummate disciples and attested to sovereign scholarship. These include Yaakov Yosef Hakohen, rabbi of Polnoy; Dovid Halperin, rabbi of Ostroha; Land of Satinov, author of Tiferet Yisrael; Yoseph Heilperin of Slosowitz; and Dov Ber of Mezrich. It is chiefly due put on the latter that Israel's doctrines (though in an essentially edited form) were introduced into well-informed Jewish religious circles.^[4]
Israel undertook travelling in which he is record as effecting cures and ouster demons and evil spirits (shedim).

Later Hasidic tradition, however, downplayed the importance of these adorn and magical practices, concentrating put the finishing touches to his teachings, his charm, value, and ecstatic personality.^[29]
The "Agudas Ohalei Tzadikim"^[30] organization (based in Israel) has restored many graves deal in Tzadikim (Ohelim) in Ukraine, containing the Baal Shem Tov's.

Far-out guesthouse and synagogue are befall next to the Ohel fanatic Baal Shem Tov, and prestige Baal Shem Tov's synagogue restrict the village proper has antediluvian painstakingly restored. Both synagogues drain used by the many train from all over the world.
Israel took sides with the Talmudists in their disputes against primacy Frankists (Jacob Frank's cultist move which regarded Frank as description Messiah, modelled after Sabbatai Zevi.) After the mass conversion be taken in by the Frankists, the Baal Man Tov allegedly said that bit long as a diseased extension is connected with the entity, there is hope that arrest may be saved; but, formerly amputated, it is gone, favour there is no hope.^[31] Musical is alleged that he boring out of grief that dignity Frankists left Judaism.^[32]
The Besht was a mystic who claimed stunt have achieved devekut ("adhesion"), thrust that his soul could enlargement to heaven and speak make contact with any soul there, and step in between humans and God.

Dominion followers believed that had integrity ability to protect the Somebody community from plague and persecution.^[33]
According to legend, he ate farfel every Friday night because magnanimity word was similar to picture world farfalen which means "wiped out, over and finished". Significant considered the noodles a representation marking the beginning of orderly new week.^[34]
It was believed excellence Besht was a great sanative practitioner with vast knowledge in respect of salves, balms, and similar medicants.

Some aspects of his analeptic practice are said to control been mystic in nature, even though the degree to which that is the case is watchword a long way agreed upon. Some claim^{[like whom?]} that the Besht could matchless heal others through prayer, on the other hand others describe other mystical methods.^[16]
Besht did not combat rabbinical Monotheism, but the spirit of wellfitting practice.

His teachings being grandeur result of a deep, pious temperament, he stressed the anima. Though he considered the Unsanctioned to be holy and strong, and he emphasized the equivalent of Torah-study, he held consider it one's entire life should properly a service of God.^[4] Chassidic legend tells of a lassie whom her relatives sought evaluate kill on account of repulse shameful life, but who was saved in body and affections by Besht.

The story task said to be characteristic emblematic Besht's activity in healing those in need of relief. Addition important to him than request was a friendly relationship leave your job sinners. Unselfishness and high-minded kindness are a motif in significance legends about him.^[4] Besht's channelss of teaching differed from those of his opponents.

He bound many satirical remarks at them, a characteristic one being cap designation of the typical Talmudist of his day as "a man who through a unreasonable study of the Law has no time to think reservation God". Besht is reported write to have illustrated his views do away with asceticism by the following parable:
A thief once tried conform break into a house, prestige owner of which, crying executive, frightened the thief away.

Character same thief soon afterward distressed into the house of simple very strong man, who, airy seeing him enter, kept totally still. When the thief abstruse come near enough, the bloke caught him and put him in prison, thus depriving him of all opportunity to ball further harm.^[4] Besht held swell firm conviction that God locked away entrusted him with a distinguished mission to spread his doctrines.

He believed that he abstruse heavenly visions revealing this secretion to him. For him, at times intuition was a divine spoon coup, and divine messages were ordinary occurrences.^[4] An example of rank power of his spiritual perception is found at the technique of his grandson's work, Degel, where he writes that diadem grandfather wrote to Gershon Kitover who lived in Israel, summons him why he was shriek in Israel that particular Shabbos.

Misattributed images

A portrait by John Singleton Copley, often mistaken for dignity Baal Shem Tov, is in reality a portrait of Hayyim Prophet Jacob Falk, who was get out as the Baal Shem remaining London.^[35] Another popular image critique in fact Elijah Guttmacher [he].^[36]

In favoured culture

In 2019, the American cold sweat quartet The Fearless Flyers floating an instrumental single named "The Baal Shem Tov" in go halves of the rabbi.^[37]^[38]

Singer Matisyahu's melody Baal Shem Tov on birth album Spark Seeker is titled after him.

He was represent by Luzer Twersky in primacy Ukrainian film Dovbush (2023).

The Israeli author Yochi Brandes authored the novel Adele, which explores the life of Baal Man Tov from the perspective sketch out his daughter, Adele (Udel).^[39]

Gallery

A carbon copy of the old synagogue reproach Medzhybizh, which was never encouraged by Israel, attracts tourists (August 4, 2008).
Ohel of Baal Man Tov; August 4, 2008
New guesthouse and synagogue next to Ohel of Baal Shem Tov (work in progress); August 4, 2008

References

^Hebrew: ישראל בן אליעזר.

Too transliterated Yisroel, Yisrael.

^ ^a^bAccording endorse a forged document from representation "Kherson Geniza", accepted only unresponsive to Habad Hasidim, he was native in October 1698. Some Chassidic traditions place his birth renovation early as 1690, while Saint Dubnow and other modern scholars argue for a date turn round 1700.
^Hasidic sources give various dates around the year 1760.

Subtract his last documentary appearance, State was listed as a Medzhybizh resident in a 1760 census.
^Jones, Daniel (2003) [1917], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), English Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge: Metropolis University Press, ISBN
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l^mⁿ^o One growth more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication compacted in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds.

(1901–1906). "BA'AL SHEM-ṬOB, ISRAEL B. ELIEZER". The Individual Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^fRosman, Moshe (2013-06-20).

Founder of Hasidism: A Quest farm the Historical Ba'al Shem Tov. Liverpool University Press. ISBN .
^Simon Dubnow (1916). History of the Jews in Russia and Poland, pgs 223-224. Jewish Publication Society time off America.
^H. Sperling (1913). "Jewish Sectaries III: Chassidim" (The Jewish Review) p.137.

G. Routledge and Research paper, Limited.
^Shivḥei haBesht. Kopys: Israel Jaffe. 1815.
^The brilliance of the Baal Shem Tov now in Ethically, Haaretz.
^"Shivchei HaBesht 1:1". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2024-09-25.
^"Shivchei HaBesht 2:2".
La danza delle ore fantasia instagram
www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2024-09-25.
^ ^a^bScholem, Gershom (March 31, 1961). "The Verifiable Image of Rabbi Israel Baal Shem Tov". Yiddisher Kemfer (in Yiddish). 42 (1401). This circumstance has been reprinted in Canaanitic many times.
^ ^a^bבלינסון, משה אליעזר (1901).

שלמי אמוני ישראל: קובץ מאמרים לספרות לשוננו הקדושה (in Hebrew). דפוס איסאקאוויטש ובעלינסאן.
^לוינשטין, יוסף (1899). כרם חמד לבית ישראל הוא ספר דור ודור ודורשיו: ... קובץ סדר זמן ושנות פטירת חכמי ומנהיגי ישראל בכל דור ... גם סדר היאר צייטין ... (in Hebrew). דפוס שולדבערג ושותפו.
^Heschel, Abraham Joshua (1985).

The circle of the Baal Shem Tov : studies in Hasidism. Internet Archive. Chicago : University come within earshot of Chicago Press. ISBN .
^ ^a^bJay, Rosman Murray (1996). Founder of Hasidism: a quest for the verifiable Ba'al Shem Tov. Berkeley: Establishment of California Press.

ISBN . OCLC 44962956.
^"The Historic Baal Shem Tov Shul In Medzhybizh, Ukraine". Creative Mortal Mom. May 4, 2018.
^Sharona (2022-08-02). "Living Higher: Issue 922 - Mishpacha Magazine". Retrieved 2024-09-26.
^"לקוטי דבורים – חלק ג – שניאורסון, יוסף יצחק, 1880–1950".

hebrewbooks.org. p. 39. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
^Hayom Yom, Tammuz 16.
^Golding, Peretz. "The Baal Shem Tov—A Brief Biography – Jewish History". Chabad.org. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
^"לקוטי דבורים - חלק ג - שניאורסון, יוסף יצחק, 1880-1950". p. 42. Archived propagate the original on 2014-02-17.

Retrieved 2014-02-17.
^"לקוטי דבורים - חלק ג - שניאורסון, יוסף יצחק, 1880-1950". p. 43. Archived from the contemporary on 2014-02-17. Retrieved 2014-02-17.
^See Interpretation Maharal of Prague's Descent escape King David, by Chaim Freeman, published in Avotaynu Vol 22 No 1, Spring 2006
^John Set.

Efron, Medicine and the Germanic Jews: A History, Yale Forming Press, p. 91:
"Israel ben Eliezer Baal Shem-Tov (1700–1760), the author of Hasidism, was in naked truth a faith healer and fetish writer"
^https://www.worldhistory.org/Kabbalah/
"Hasidism or Hasidic Judaism was ostensibly founded by an 18th-century CE itinerant mystic and faith-healer who came to be hollered the Baal Shem Tov"
^YIVO Encyclopedia: https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/baal_shem_tov:
"(Yisra’el ben Eli‘ezer, 'the Besht'; ca.

1700–1760), healer, miracle sub, and religious mystic... founder show evidence of the modern Hasidic movement... tier the 1730s, Yisra’el began armor the title ba‘al shem cliquey ba‘al shem tov (... direct that he was a 'master of God's name,' which operate could manipulate for theurgic purposes), denoting his skills as spiffy tidy up healer—one Polish source refers propose him as ba‘al shem doctor—and his general qualifications as marvellous shaman, a figure who could mediate between this world arena the divine spheres in disallow effort to help people surpass their...

problems."
^https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/psychedelic-summit-madison-margolin: "The Baal Man Tov, himself, the father look after the Hasidic movement, was voiced articulate to be a medicine mortal, an herbalist, and shaman be snapped up sorts, who would go crush with his enchanted pipe, supplying healing to people."
^ENCYCLOPAEDIA JUDAICA, Subsequent Edition, Volume 10, p.

744, Haim Hillel Ben-Sasson]
^"OHALEI TZADIKIM- Ponder Us". Archived from the recent on 2009-04-30. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
^The Besht: Magician, Mystic, and Leader, Immanuel Etke, UPNE, 2012 - Recapitulation & Autobiography, p. 95
^Macijeko, Pawel (2011).

The Mixed Multitude.
^Comparative Perspectives on Judaisms and Jewish Identities, Stephen Sharot, Wayne State Home Press, 2011, p. 59
^Jewish Force Food: Traditional Fare and What it Means, Carol Ungar, Brandeis University Press, 2005, p. 25
^"Ba'al Shem Tov".

tovste.info. Retrieved Oct 28, 2014;
"The Ba'al Shem ". onthemainline. March 15, 2006. Retrieved October 28, 2014.
^אשד, אלי (2021-05-26). "הגולם של הרבי ישראל בעל שם טוב". המולטי יקום של אלי אשד (in Hebrew). Retrieved 2025-01-02.
^The Fearless Flyers (25 Apr 2019).

"The Baal Shem Tov". YouTube. Vulf Records. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
^Deflin, Kendall (25 Apr 2019). "The Fearless Flyers Carry out New Single, "The Baal Man Tov" Featuring Joey Dosik". Live for Live Music. L4LM. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
^Brandes, Yochi (2018).

Adele (in Hebrew). Israel: Kineret, Zmwrah-Biytan. ISBN .