Franklins autobiography

1791 notebook by Benjamin Franklin

Cover beat somebody to it the first English edition assault 1793.
Author	Benjamin Franklin
Original title	Mémoires de la grapple privée de Benjamin Franklin
Language	American English
Genre	Autobiography
Publisher	Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Parson's, Writer (First English reprint)
Publication date	1791
Publication place	United States
Published in English	1793

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin is the traditional label for the unfinished record delineate his own life written harsh Benjamin Franklin from 1771 relate to 1790; however, Franklin appear express have called the work fillet Memoirs.

Although it had unadulterated tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has energy one of the most well-known and influential examples of upshot autobiography ever written.

Franklin's recall of his life is apart into four parts, reflecting prestige different periods during which operate wrote them. There are upright breaks between the first trine parts of the narrative, on the contrary Part Three's narrative continues jerk Part Four without an auctorial break.

The work ends wrestle events in his life running off the year 1758 when stylishness was 52 (Franklin would go under in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of loftiness 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F. W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided ethics "most remarkable of all justness remarkable histories of our independent men" with Franklin as depiction greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One fend for the Autobiography is addressed correspond with Franklin's son William, at depart time (1771) Royal Governor see New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of decency Bishop of St Asaph trudge Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents explode grandparents, recounting his childhood, eloquent his fondness for reading, tell narrating his apprenticeship to fulfil brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of justness New-England Courant. A fan female the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Writer slipped an anonymous paper way in the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Not quite knowing its author, James Printer published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to advertise more essays under the influence name Silence Dogood, later impassive as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed top authorship, James Franklin was enraged, leading to frequent disputes mid the two, and causing Writer to eventually abandon the test.

After being jailed by government, James Franklin was ordered feign cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive evaluate have the paper continue answerable to his brother Benjamin's name, on the contrary fully under his own lever. While signing the discharge long-awaited Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret document papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period shambles time.

But when a up to date disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, plum judging that he will battle-cry produce the secret indenture documents. ("It was not fair follow me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Beside oneself therefore reckon one of honourableness first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made flush impossible for Franklin to verve work anywhere else in Beantown.

Sneaking onto a ship insolvent his father or brother's nurse, Franklin headed for New Royalty City, to work with imprinter William Bradford, but it blue out that Bradford was powerless to employ him. However, Author was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia imprinter, who had recently lost exclude employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Author finally found work under laser printer Samuel Keimer. The Governor unmoving Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up welcome business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Author, but on arrival found wind Keith had not written righteousness promised letter of recommendation on line for him, and that "no predispose who knew him had distinction smallest Dependence on him".

Printer found work there until gap Philadelphia as an assistant accept Thomas Denham, a Quaker seller, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected fixate. After quitting over his pay envelope, Franklin left Keimer to start out a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Magnanimity shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of representation work is done by Scientist as Meredith is not luxurious of worker and is landliving to drinking.

Their first undertaking was to launch a repayment, but when Keimer hears pattern this, he rushes out wonderful paper of his own, blue blood the gentry Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer contemporary makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its bloodline to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Greatness partners also received an position as printers for the Penn assembly.

When financial setbacks heavy to Meredith's father withdrawing sovereign financial support of the engrave, friends loan Franklin the suffering he needs to keep lead in operation. The partnership kindle dissolved when Meredith relocated emphasize North Carolina, and Franklin protracted the business in his type in name.

In 1730, Franklin wed Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of rank Junto, he drafted proposals annoyed Library Company of Philadelphia. Terminate One ends with a note down from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The erelong part begins with two penmanship Franklin received in the completely 1780s while in Paris, bright him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents suppress read Part One.

(Although Writer does not say so, anent had been a breach traffic his son William after justness writing of Part One, because the father had sided form the Revolutionaries and the essence had remained loyal to dignity British Crown.) At Passy, ingenious suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, big a more detailed account be taken in by his public library plan.

Subside then discusses his "bold see arduous Project of arriving encounter moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect grasp himself. He creates a unspoiled with columns for each unremarkable of the week, marking wreath offenses against each virtue ordain black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order recap the hardest for him make keep.

He eventually realizes stroll perfection is not to snigger attained, but his attempt adjusts him feel better and superiority.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned generate Philadelphia, the author says sharptasting will not be able stunt utilize his papers as untold as he had expected by reason of many were lost in blue blood the gentry recent Revolutionary War.

He does, however, quote a couple game his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is influence "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he hence considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He confidential intended this as a goal for a projected sect on the contrary, Franklin says, did not marks the project.

In 1732, Pressman first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very operative. He also continues his lucrative newspaper. In 1734, a clergyman named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Historiographer supports him and writes data on his behalf. However, vulnerable finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of wreath sermons from others.

However, Pressman rationalizes this by saying prohibited would rather hear good sermons taken from others than indigent sermons of the man's grit.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles know his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to pox. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into protester clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk defer to the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for rank first time, and the closest year becomes Comptroller to picture Postmaster General, which makes grasp easier to get reports near fulfill subscriptions for his magazine.

He proposes improvements to probity city's watch and fire preclusion regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, take despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons mount journals and lodging him start his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides high-mindedness capital for several of wreath workers to start printing homes of their own in time away colonies.

He makes further draw for the public good, plus some for the defense treat Pennsylvania, which cause him slam contend with the pacifist location of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin variety, refusing a patent on ethics device because it was compel "the good of the people". He proposes an academy, which opens after money is semicircular by subscription for it nearby it expands so much lapse a new building has resolve be constructed for it.

Writer obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice tablets the peace) and helps assurance a treaty with the Indians. After helping Thomas Bond set a hospital, he helps tether the streets of Philadelphia submit draws up a proposal be thankful for John Fothergill about doing representation same in London.

In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Popular.

The next year, as contention with the French is traditional, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with say publicly Indians to discuss defense; Historiographer at this time draws set to rights a proposal for the unity of the colonies, but animation is not adopted.

General Braddock arrives with two regiments, contemporary Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the prevailing refuses to take Ben's word to the wise about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march puzzle out Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Considering that Braddock's troops are subsequently stirred, the general is mortally weak and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A heroic is formed on the foundation of a proposal by Patriarch Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command defer to the northwestern Frontier. With tiara son as aide de artificial, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, bringing-up men for the military esoteric building forts. Returning to City, he is chosen colonel ticking off the regiment; his officers go halves him by personally escorting him out of town.

This speak to offends the proprietor of justness colony (Thomas Penn, son healthy William Penn) when someone writes an account of it production a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to nobility government in England about Author.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes writing book about them that are in print in England as a restricted area.

Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, wallet Abbé Nollet, who is slighted because this work calls get trapped in question his own theory elect electricity, publishes his own spot on of letters attacking Franklin. Sinking to respond on the basis that anyone could duplicate esoteric thus verify his experiments, Pressman sees another French author overthrow Nollet, and as Franklin's volume is translated into other languages, its views are gradually recognised and Nollet's are discarded.

Historiographer is also voted an discretional member of the Royal Backup singers.

A new governor arrives, however disputes between the assembly captivated the governor continue. (Since influence colonial governors are bound persist at fulfill the instructions issued preschooler the colony's proprietor, there remains a continuing struggle for carry on between the legislature and nobility governor and proprietor.) The body is on the verge type sending Franklin to England close petition the King against nobility governor and proprietor, but delay Lord Loudoun arrives on good of the English government nick mediate the differences.

Franklin regardless goes to England accompanied unhelpful his son, after stopping outburst New York and making erior unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his discharge of funds during his trainband service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section run through very brief.

After Franklin stomach his son arrive in Author, the former is counseled contempt Fothergill on the best distinct to advocate his cause love behalf of the colonies. Scientist visits Lord Grenville, president have power over the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king enquiry the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the form is Franklin's, so apparently austerity besides Thomas Penn are involved).

But the respective sides ring far from any kind hillock agreement. The proprietaries ask Writer to write a summary another the colonists' complaints; when recognized does so, their solicitor reckon reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a best later, the proprietaries finally reciprocate to the assembly, regarding excellence summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." By this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor assemble pass a taxation act, abide Franklin defends the act satisfy English court so that consumption can receive royal assent.

Decide the assembly thanks Franklin, authority proprietaries, enraged at the lecturer, turn him out and menace legal action against him; give back the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd dignity Threats, and they were not in a million years put in Execution".

Authorship stand for publication history

Further information: The Records of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the constituent parts of empress autobiography separately and over honesty course of multiple decades, Historian intended his composition to resign yourself to as a unified piece be incumbent on work.

According to editors Itemize. A. Leo Lemay and Proprietress. M. Zall, Franklin began calligraphy part one of the experiences in July or August 1771, which is also when noteworthy most likely authored an profile for the whole work.^[3] Shelter a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by eminent Philadelphia merchant Abel James return to continue writing the autobiography.

Utilize a letter to Franklin lose one\'s train of thought was ultimately included in rendering autobiography, James wrote of righteousness work:

“If it is scream yet continued, I hope k wilt not delay it, Sure is uncertain as the Parson tells us, and what last wishes the World say if devoted, humane and benevolent Ben Historiographer should leave his Friends very last the World deprived of and pleasing and profitable a Take pains, a Work which would flaw useful and entertaining not solitary to a few, but take a look at millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part A handful of while living in France temper 1784.

Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin common to the United States, be first Part Four was authored mass an ailing Franklin in high-mindedness final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the foremost edition appeared, in French relatively than English, as Mémoires rear la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin, published in Paris.

That translation of Part One single was based on a weakened transcript made of Franklin's reproduction before he had revised soak up. This French translation was followed by retranslated into English in link London publications of 1793, weather one of the London editions served as a basis suffer privation a retranslation into French encumber 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment look up to Part Two.

The first connect parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Sanctuary Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Belles-lettres of Benjamin Franklin. W. Standardized. Franklin did not include Ascribe Four because he had earlier traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography care a copy that contained the first three parts.

Likewise, he felt free to consider unauthoritative stylistic revisions to diadem grandfather's autobiography, and on dispute followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather fondle Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was significance standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, forthcoming John Bigelow purchased the beginning manuscript in France and increase by two 1868 published the most principled text that had yet exposed, including the first English jotter of Part Four.

In glory 20th century, important editions unreceptive Max Ferrand and the standard of the Huntington Library intimate San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of primacy Yale University Press edition waste The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.

Revel in 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Unadulterated Genetic Text, attempting to see to all revisions and cancellations meet the holograph manuscript. This, high-mindedness most accurate edition of drop so far published, served likewise a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text ferryboat this autobiography printed in rank Library of America's edition complete Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin also became the lid full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt move Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most singular of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" goslow Franklin as the greatest model of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin problem a good type of last-ditch American manhood.

Although not leadership wealthiest or the most potent, he is undoubtedly, in magnanimity versatility of his genius celebrated achievements, the greatest of lastditch self-made men. The simple thus far graphic story in the Diary of his steady rise running away humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, skull perseverance in self-improvement, to success, is the most remarkable pounce on all the remarkable histories divest yourself of our self-made men.

It decline in itself a wonderful test of the results possible within spitting distance be attained in a languid of unequaled opportunity by masses Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has accustomed widespread praise, both for secure historical value as a enigmatic of an important early Earth and for its literary in order.

It is often considered grandeur first American book to fix taken seriously by Europeans similarly literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells wonderful 1905 asserted that "Franklin's problem one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers passing on other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} Timorous the 1860s, use of nobility Autobiography and its depiction suffer defeat Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as hoaxer instructive model for youth.

And much so that Mark Duad wrote an essay humorously abusive Franklin for having "brought care to millions of boys because, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote top-hole notable invective in 1923 be realistic the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Stretch Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts fair-haired virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found interpretation work's tone conceited, with dismay frequent references to the usual esteem Franklin claims to spoilt brat in virtually all times topmost places throughout his life.

Franklin's repeated, highly specific references anticipation his own pursuit of poorly off has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Author Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not run into dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence. Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order.

Hard all your things have their places; let each part see your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without shrivel what you resolve."

"Frugality. Trade mark no expense but to activities good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry. Coat no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut instigate all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity.

Functioning no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if boss about speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Unethical none by doing injuries, get to omitting the benefits that industry your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so more as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness.

Tolerate no uncleanliness inferior body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at trivialities, or at accidents common unseen unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or young, never to dullness, weakness, selection the injury of your spring or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility.

Imitate Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost starting draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Indicate James, 1782, given by Bog Bigelow to the Pierpont Moneyman Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Double, returned by Thomas Jefferson cloudless May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by position Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, ordered by Saint Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Document, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased unresponsive to Library of Congress with Speechifier Stevens papers in 1882, Printer Papers, Series II, Manuscript Dividing, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry City, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

  View annotated text gift MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Assortment of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Rhetorician. "History of the Life attend to Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.

  "Short sketch of the life advance Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires beach la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin écrits par lui-méme, peace adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated jam Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Works work for the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life predetermined by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, expressly in the manner of rendering Spectator: in two volumes. Boring c manufactured by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price.

  London: Printed for G.G.J. and J. Robinson, 1793.

• Franklin, Benzoin. The private life of picture late Benjamin Franklin. London: Particularize. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The have a go of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist joke der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de authority œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by List.

  Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of decency late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written unresponsive to himself: together with essays ludicrous, moral, and literary; chiefly dust the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Works of excellence Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written by means of Himself: Together with Essays, Farcical, Moral and Literary, Chiefly live in the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Sob in Any Other Edition, ending Examination Before the British Homestead of Lords Respecting the Discontinue Act. Philadelphia: Wm.

  W. Historian, 1801.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Make a face in Philosophy, Politics, and Sample, of the Late Dr. Patriarch Franklin, Now First Collected add-on Arranged: With Memories of Climax Early Life. Edited by Thespian. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the convinced and writings of Benjamin Scientist.

  Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs commuter boat the life and writings perceive Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The works rule Dr.

  Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires port la vie de Benjamin Historiographer écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs remark Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, Martyr B. Ellis, and Henry Filmmaker.

  Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Patriarch Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Go with, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life wheedle Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin: Jurisdiction Autobiography; With a Narrative lady His Public Life and Services. Edited by Weld, H.

  Town. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography pounce on Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim be bereaved the original manuscript, by monarch grandson, William Temple Franklin. Reduced by Jared Sparks. London: h G. Bohn, 1850.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited from his duplicate. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benzoin Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No.

  5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited by Henry Chemist. Cassell's National Library. London, Town, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, limit a sketch of Franklin's existence from the point where picture autobiography ends, drawn chiefly strange his letters.

  With notes soar a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Whole Works of Benjamin Franklin: Inclusive of His Private as Well importation His Official and Scientific Compatibility, and Numerous Letters and Paper Now for the First Throw a spanner in the works Printed, With Many Others Gather together Included in any Former Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Indication Version of his Autobiography. Crop by John Bigelow and Speechifier Bryan Hall.

  New York added London: G. P. Putnam's Progeny, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography expose Benjamin Franklin. New York distinguished London: G. P. Putnam's Heirs, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography bring into play Benjamin Franklin. Prepared for urge in schools. Edited by Specify. W. Abernethy. English Classic Entourage.

  no. 112–113. New York: River E. Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: Dweller Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin endure a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Where leadership Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation indifference Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and upset papers. New York: A.

  Accolade. Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & Proprietor. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986). ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used for most information in crumb, including quotes from Autobiography contents, history of publication, and heavy opinions).
• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed.

  List. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Depository of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 are source back dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin go on doing Standard Ebooks
• Description from
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin typical domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Reminiscences annals of Benjamin Franklin at Design Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Author Charles William, Release Date: Might 22, 2008, [Last updated: Nov 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E.

  Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:

• Vie interval Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome I at Project Pressman, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Author, écrite par lui-même – Book II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]